The backend is the hidden part not shown to the user, which processes the user's input (mainly on the server of a website, inside an application, or increasingly within the client's browser).
Based on the type of interaction needed, a website can be static, meaning you load a webpage, get the output, and nothing else happens until you perform your next action. Alternatively, the website can be dynamic and continuously process your data.
If the client communicates with a backend on the server, there are two main types of interactions
- Server rendered apps: Data is posted, like in a web form or with parameters in a link, and the server sends back an HTML page
- AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML): Based on the need of the current website, data is sent to the server, and the server gives back an XML or JSON formatted response
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